基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要(yao)支撐。加(jia)快新型基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)，是(shi)促進當前(qian)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長、打牢長遠(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)礎的重要(yao)舉措(cuo)。今年的《政(zheng)府(fu)工作(zuo)報(bao)告》提出，要(yao)“加(jia)強新型基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)”。在應對疫情(qing)影(ying)響和(he)推動經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)恢(hui)復增(zeng)(zeng)長的背景下，新型基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)成為(wei)社會(hui)各(ge)界(jie)關注的一個(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)重點和(he)熱(re)門話題。對于新型基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的范圍和(he)作(zuo)用，目前(qian)各(ge)方面的認識還(huan)不一致，有必要(yao)深化對這個(ge)問題的研究(jiu)，為(wei)實踐發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供必要(yao)的理(li)論支撐。

?    ?新型基礎設施(shi)的含義和范圍(wei)

?    ?前不久(jiu)，國家(jia)發改委明確新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)的(de)范圍，提(ti)出新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)是(shi)以新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發展理念(nian)(nian)為(wei)引領，以技術創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)驅(qu)動，以信息網絡為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，面(mian)向高(gao)質量發展需要，提(ti)供數(shu)字轉型、智能升級、融合(he)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)等(deng)服(fu)務的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)體系。這個定(ding)義比較全(quan)面(mian)地(di)概括了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)的(de)基(ji)本要素，反映了(le)現階段的(de)政策理念(nian)(nian)和(he)要求。要看(kan)到的(de)是(shi)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)的(de)重點在“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型”，即為(wei)哪些方面(mian)提(ti)供服(fu)務和(he)由誰(shui)來(lai)投資建(jian)設。

?    ?基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)包(bao)括公用(yong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，公用(yong)性(xing)質的基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)交通、環境等基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)所(suo)有產業部門(men)的運(yun)營(ying)提供(gong)(gong)支撐(cheng)和服務(wu)(wu)，一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)政府(fu)投資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)(she)為(wei)主；專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)性(xing)質的基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)農業、工業、能(neng)源等基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)產業部門(men)的運(yun)營(ying)提供(gong)(gong)支撐(cheng)和服務(wu)(wu)，一(yi)般(ban)由(you)政府(fu)與企(qi)業根據設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)范圍分(fen)別(bie)投資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)(she)。新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)包(bao)括公用(yong)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，但總體上(shang)屬于專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)性(xing)質為(wei)主的基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，它與傳統基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的一(yi)個區別(bie)，就是主要為(wei)高新(xin)技術產業及應(ying)用(yong)提供(gong)(gong)支撐(cheng)和服務(wu)(wu)，并以(yi)市場化(hua)(hua)投資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)(she)為(wei)主，由(you)政府(fu)與企(qi)業根據設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)特(te)點分(fen)別(bie)投資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)(she)。因(yin)此從理(li)論上(shang)說，新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的完整含(han)義，應(ying)包(bao)括“為(wei)高新(xin)技術產業及應(ying)用(yong)服務(wu)(wu)”和“以(yi)市場化(hua)(hua)投資(zi)(zi)建(jian)設(she)(she)為(wei)主”兩個要素。明確這(zhe)些(xie)含(han)義，有利于確定(ding)政策取向和引導(dao)投資(zi)(zi)行為(wei)，更好發揮社會投資(zi)(zi)的作用(yong)。

?    ?在界(jie)定概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上，我(wo)們還要進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)確定新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)。目(mu)前新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要包(bao)括3個方面內容：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)信息基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)信息技術演化(hua)生成的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)如，以5G、物聯(lian)網(wang)、工業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)等為代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)通信網(wang)絡基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以人工智能(neng)、云(yun)計算、區塊(kuai)鏈等為代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以數據中心、智能(neng)計算中心等為代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)算力基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)融(rong)合基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)深度(du)應(ying)用互聯(lian)網(wang)、大數據、人工智能(neng)等技術，支撐傳統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉型(xing)升級，進(jin)而形成的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)合基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如智能(neng)交通基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)支撐科(ke)(ke)學研究、技術開(kai)發、產品研制的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有公益屬性的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)如，重大科(ke)(ke)技基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、科(ke)(ke)教基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、產業(ye)技術創新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種廣義的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)，有利于(yu)我(wo)們更好地理(li)解和把握新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)方向。

關鍵(jian)要協(xie)調處理好(hao)三個關系

總的(de)來(lai)看(kan)，推進(jin)新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投資適應了我國(guo)當前的(de)經濟(ji)形(xing)勢，反映了推動產業結構(gou)升級和經濟(ji)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)根本(ben)需求，既有利(li)于(yu)提升產業鏈水平和保障供應鏈安(an)全，也有利(li)于(yu)把穩增(zeng)長與高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)結合起來(lai)。推進(jin)新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投資既要加強頂層設計，在深化(hua)研究的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)制(zhi)定(ding)出臺有關指(zhi)導(dao)意見和發(fa)展(zhan)規劃，引導(dao)各(ge)地區(qu)制(zhi)定(ding)確實(shi)可(ke)行的(de)投資規劃，從(cong)各(ge)地實(shi)際出發(fa)突出投資重點；又要加強統籌協調，在充分(fen)發(fa)揮各(ge)方面積極性(xing)和創造性(xing)的(de)條(tiao)件下，推動處理(li)好(hao)以(yi)下幾個方面的(de)關系。

?    ?第(di)一(yi)，注重協(xie)調好政府(fu)投(tou)資(zi)和民間(jian)投(tou)資(zi)的關系(xi)。

?    ?新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)與傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)區別是，新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)主要(yao)(yao)依靠市場化投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，政府不是主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)主體。政府擴大對(dui)新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)主要(yao)(yao)是為了解決(jue)其中的(de)(de)(de)公共投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)問題(ti)，特別是擴大科技(ji)研發(fa)創新(xin)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)公用(yong)(yong)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，同時起到逆周期(qi)調節市場需(xu)求、對(dui)社會投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)起導向作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。而(er)對(dui)于高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術產業的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、應用(yong)(yong)高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術改造(zao)傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，政府投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)主要(yao)(yao)是發(fa)揮“四(si)兩撥(bo)千(qian)斤”的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，重點是拉(la)動和引導民間資(zi)(zi)(zi)本的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)。

?    ?從當前情況和發(fa)展趨(qu)勢看，應(ying)當加(jia)強對地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)府新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)的必要導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)，防止一些地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)府對新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)采取包攬一切(qie)重大項目、全(quan)面安(an)排投(tou)資(zi)計劃的做法。要引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)從實際(ji)需求和財力出發(fa)，確(que)定不同的新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)發(fa)展重點，避免同類新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)一擁而上、各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)投(tou)資(zi)項目過(guo)(guo)度趨(qu)同的問題，避免短期內(nei)引(yin)(yin)起某些方(fang)面投(tou)入和需求過(guo)(guo)大導(dao)(dao)致供給結構性短缺、長期看又引(yin)(yin)起結構性過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)的問題。相關宏觀管(guan)理部門應(ying)注(zhu)意進(jin)行政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)和協調，及時(shi)發(fa)布各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)信息，引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)研究(jiu)制定合理的投(tou)資(zi)規(gui)劃，并通(tong)過(guo)(guo)規(gui)劃引(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)社會資(zi)本擴(kuo)大新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)投(tou)資(zi)。

?    ?第二，注重推(tui)動新(xin)基建(jian)投資(zi)與傳(chuan)統基建(jian)投資(zi)協調發展。

?    ?根據國家(jia)發改(gai)委確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍，應(ying)用高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術改(gai)造傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)屬(shu)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，這(zhe)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)規模是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)而廣(guang)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)整個固定(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)拉動力(li)。現(xian)在(zai)要(yao)(yao)討論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)廣(guang)義新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)一(yi)般傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系問題(ti)。一(yi)般傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除了應(ying)用高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術改(gai)造傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“鐵公(gong)(gong)機”等基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。需要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：首先，不(bu)能(neng)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)否定(ding)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。兩(liang)者有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用、取(qu)向和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)對疫情影響和(he)經濟社會發展(zhan)所需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)大(da)面廣(guang)，對投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)經濟增(zeng)長仍有(you)(you)(you)較大(da)拉動力(li)，對保(bao)就業、保(bao)民(min)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用可(ke)能(neng)更加直接，但主要(yao)(yao)受制于(yu)政府(fu)公(gong)(gong)共投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)能(neng)力(li)和(he)地(di)方政府(fu)債務風險；而新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)快(kuai)速(su)擴大(da)，發揮(hui)出前所未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉動投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、推(tui)動經濟高質量(liang)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用，但增(zeng)長前景還取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)市場(chang)化投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)程(cheng)度(du)。其次，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互促進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發展(zhan)提(ti)供必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部條件，解決(jue)公(gong)(gong)用設(she)施(shi)和(he)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐問題(ti)，整個新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上要(yao)(yao)以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)；新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拓展(zhan)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)，帶(dai)動傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)改(gai)造升級(ji)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過應(ying)用高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術改(gai)造傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，增(zeng)強傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動能(neng)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)前景，提(ti)升傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率和(he)可(ke)持(chi)續性。再次，要(yao)(yao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)籌協調新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)關(guan)系。從短期看，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)能(neng)仍會占較大(da)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)央部門所確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)目多數仍屬(shu)于(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，中(zhong)央與(yu)地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)比(bi)例劃(hua)分(fen)也會帶(dai)動地(di)方政府(fu)對傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)。但同時(shi)也要(yao)(yao)注意新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出現(xian)“雷聲大(da)雨點(dian)小”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情形(xing)，以(yi)市場(chang)化投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)能(neng)否快(kuai)速(su)擴大(da)，不(bu)僅取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)各級(ji)政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視程(cheng)度(du)和(he)推(tui)動力(li)度(du)，更重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)否有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)拉動民(min)間(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。從這(zhe)個角度(du)看，促進新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)協調發展(zhan)，使新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)真正擔綱多重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發展(zhan)使命，關(guan)鍵要(yao)(yao)鼓(gu)勵支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)引導民(min)間(jian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進入(ru)，這(zhe)需要(yao)(yao)研究采(cai)取(qu)切實有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策措施(shi)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把工作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)放(fang)到(dao)深化改(gai)革開放(fang)上。

?    ?第三，注重處理好政府政策引導與(yu)市場(chang)配置資源的關系。

?    ?新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)與(yu)傳統基(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)差別(bie)，就是新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)前(qian)景和(he)收益回報具(ju)有(you)更(geng)(geng)大不穩定性。推進新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)主(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)靠市場化(hua)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)，需要(yao)建(jian)立一種政(zheng)府(fu)部門搭臺、市場主(zhu)體唱(chang)戲的(de)(de)機制。政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)推動(dong)和(he)引(yin)導新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)，就要(yao)改(gai)變行(xing)政(zheng)性、計劃性的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)方式，轉而實施市場化(hua)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)方式。要(yao)繼續深化(hua)“放管(guan)服”改(gai)革，推行(xing)負面清單的(de)(de)監管(guan)制度(du)(du)，使市場在資(zi)源配(pei)置中起決(jue)(jue)定性作(zuo)用，使投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)者更(geng)(geng)大程度(du)(du)地依(yi)據市場信息決(jue)(jue)策并承擔投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)風(feng)險。

?    ?政(zheng)府在(zai)政(zheng)策引導方(fang)面(mian)主要(yao)是做(zuo)好(hao)以下幾件事情：一(yi)(yi)是研(yan)究制定新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)規劃(hua)。比如，中央有關部門要(yao)研(yan)究制定全(quan)國性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)發展(zhan)規劃(hua)，省級(ji)政(zheng)府部門也要(yao)研(yan)究制定符合本地情況的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)發展(zhan)規劃(hua)。投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)規劃(hua)宜粗不(bu)宜細，主要(yao)起(qi)到發布信息、引導投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。二是深(shen)化(hua)(hua)相關投(tou)(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)體制改革。要(yao)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)地依(yi)靠改革的(de)(de)(de)辦法，運用(yong)市場化(hua)(hua)、法治化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)手段，破解新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)體制機制問題。特別(bie)是要(yao)堅持深(shen)化(hua)(hua)供給側結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)改革，堅持問題導向，支持幫助民營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)解決進入新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)領域(yu)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)、技術(shu)、人才等(deng)具體難(nan)題。三是進一(yi)(yi)步優(you)化(hua)(hua)各種政(zheng)策環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。比如，完善與新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)相關的(de)(de)(de)制度安(an)排，補(bu)齊(qi)制度性(xing)或機制性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)短板；改善與新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)相關的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，落實相關財(cai)稅、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)等(deng)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策，發揮(hui)好(hao)各類(lei)中介服務機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。總(zong)之，要(yao)努力(li)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加改革開放的(de)(de)(de)制度環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加寬松穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加便利和優(you)惠(hui)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加容錯和激勵的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，從而更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)，為經(jing)濟發展(zhan)注入強勁動力(li)。（郭克莎）