習近平主席提出構建人類命運共同體理念以來，構建人類命運共同體從理念轉化為行動、從愿景轉變為現實，為攜手建設更加美好的世界凝聚廣泛共識、匯聚強大力量，成為引領時代潮流和人類前進方向的鮮明旗幟。作為習近平外交思想的重要組成部分，構建人類命運共同體理念形成科學完整的思想體系，并隨著實踐發展愈發彰顯把握大勢的真理力量、解答時代之問的引領作用。這一理念具有哪些豐富內涵，取得怎樣的實踐成果，對人類文明發展進步有何價值？圍繞這一理念形成的研究成果，對于建構中國自主的知識體系有何意義？本期學術版圍繞這些問題進行探討。

——編 者

人類命運共同體理念的豐富意蘊和重大價值（學術圓桌）

高祖貴

  百年變(bian)局之中，世(shi)界向何(he)處去(qu)、人類(lei)怎么辦，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)亟須(xu)回答(da)的(de)重大(da)(da)課(ke)題。十年前，面對國(guo)際形(xing)勢的(de)深(shen)刻變(bian)化和世(shi)界各(ge)國(guo)同(tong)舟共濟的(de)客(ke)觀要求，習近平主席統籌中華民(min)族偉大(da)(da)復(fu)興(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)全局和世(shi)界百年未有之大(da)(da)變(bian)局，創造性提出構(gou)建(jian)(jian)人類(lei)命運共同(tong)體理念，為(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)設更加(jia)美好(hao)世(shi)界提供(gong)中國(guo)方案。十年來，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)人類(lei)命運共同(tong)體的(de)思想體系不斷完善、實(shi)踐成果(guo)日益(yi)豐富。這一理念引起國(guo)內外(wai)廣(guang)泛關注和持續研究，愈益(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)踐所驗(yan)證，愈益(yi)深(shen)入人心(xin)，彰顯(xian)出強大(da)(da)的(de)影響力(li)、生命力(li)、感召(zhao)力(li)，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)引領時代(dai)潮流和人類(lei)前進(jin)方向的(de)鮮明(ming)旗幟。

深入把握思想體系

  “建(jian)設(she)一(yi)個什(shen)么樣(yang)的世(shi)界、如(ru)何建(jian)設(she)這個世(shi)界”是人類(lei)(lei)社會永恒的命(ming)(ming)題。2013年3月(yue)(yue)，習(xi)近平(ping)(ping)主席在莫斯科(ke)國(guo)際關(guan)系學院提(ti)出(chu)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的理念(nian)。2015年9月(yue)(yue)，習(xi)近平(ping)(ping)主席在第七(qi)十(shi)屆聯(lian)合國(guo)大會的重要(yao)講話中，強(qiang)調(diao)各國(guo)攜手構(gou)建(jian)合作共贏新伙(huo)伴(ban)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)心打造人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)。2017年1月(yue)(yue)，習(xi)近平(ping)(ping)主席在聯(lian)合國(guo)日內瓦總(zong)部(bu)發(fa)表(biao)重要(yao)演講，倡導各國(guo)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)構(gou)建(jian)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)，提(ti)出(chu)國(guo)際社會要(yao)從伙(huo)伴(ban)關(guan)系、安(an)全(quan)格局(ju)、經濟(ji)發(fa)展、文明(ming)交流、生態建(jian)設(she)等方(fang)面作出(chu)努力(li)。此后(hou)，習(xi)近平(ping)(ping)主席又提(ti)出(chu)一(yi)系列重要(yao)新理念(nian)新倡議，從不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)角度深化擴展這一(yi)理念(nian)。構(gou)建(jian)人類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)作為不(bu)斷豐富發(fa)展的科(ke)學思想體(ti)(ti)系，需要(yao)我們從多層面、多維度深入研究和把握。

  從時代(dai)背景來(lai)把(ba)握。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)主席指出(chu)：“人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)生活(huo)在同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)地球村里(li)，生活(huo)在歷(li)史和(he)(he)現實交匯的同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)時空里(li)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)成為你中有我、我中有你的命運共(gong)同(tong)體。”當今世(shi)(shi)界正處于百年未(wei)有之大(da)變(bian)局，但和(he)(he)平(ping)、發(fa)展(zhan)、合作、共(gong)贏的歷(li)史潮流不可(ke)阻(zu)擋，世(shi)(shi)界各國(guo)相(xiang)(xiang)互依存、人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)命運緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)的發(fa)展(zhan)大(da)勢不可(ke)阻(zu)擋。同(tong)時，和(he)(he)平(ping)赤字、發(fa)展(zhan)赤字、安(an)全赤字、治理(li)赤字加重，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)社會面臨更多嚴峻(jun)的共(gong)同(tong)性挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。站在何(he)(he)去何(he)(he)從的十字路口，構建人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)命運共(gong)同(tong)體理(li)念順應時代(dai)潮流和(he)(he)各國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民期待，為世(shi)(shi)界發(fa)展(zhan)指明(ming)了前進方向。

  從總體(ti)布局(ju)來把握。人類命(ming)運共同體(ti)，顧(gu)名思(si)義(yi)，就是每(mei)個民族(zu)、每(mei)個國家(jia)的前途命(ming)運都緊緊聯系在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)，應該風雨同舟、榮辱與共，努力(li)把我們生(sheng)于斯、長于斯的這個星球建(jian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個和睦的大家(jia)庭，把世(shi)(shi)界各國人民對(dui)美(mei)好生(sheng)活的向往(wang)變成現(xian)實。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li)念(nian)以“五個世(shi)(shi)界”為(wei)總體(ti)布局(ju)，即(ji)堅持(chi)(chi)對(dui)話協商(shang)，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個持(chi)(chi)久(jiu)和平(ping)的世(shi)(shi)界；堅持(chi)(chi)共建(jian)共享，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個普遍安全的世(shi)(shi)界；堅持(chi)(chi)合作共贏，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個共同繁榮的世(shi)(shi)界；堅持(chi)(chi)交流互鑒(jian)，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個開放包(bao)容的世(shi)(shi)界；堅持(chi)(chi)綠色(se)低碳，建(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個清潔美(mei)麗的世(shi)(shi)界。

  從路(lu)(lu)徑平臺來把握。推動(dong)構建(jian)(jian)新型國際關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，是(shi)構建(jian)(jian)人(ren)類命(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體的(de)(de)根本(ben)路(lu)(lu)徑。秉持相互(hu)尊重、公平正義(yi)、合作共贏(ying)的(de)(de)原則，深(shen)化拓展(zhan)平等、開(kai)放、合作的(de)(de)全球伙(huo)伴關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，走出國與國交往的(de)(de)新路(lu)(lu)。共建(jian)(jian)“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”為構建(jian)(jian)人(ren)類命(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體提供實踐平臺。“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)”以互(hu)聯互(hu)通為著力(li)點，推進共建(jian)(jian)國家和地區政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢(chang)通、資(zi)金融(rong)通、民心相通，開(kai)辟(pi)共同(tong)(tong)發展(zhan)、共贏(ying)發展(zhan)、共享發展(zhan)之路(lu)(lu)。

  從重(zhong)要依托來把握。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發展(zhan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)文明倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)提出(chu)和(he)落(luo)實，為(wei)構(gou)建人類命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同體提供強有(you)力(li)支(zhi)撐。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發展(zhan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主張堅持發展(zhan)優先，構(gou)建團結、平等、均衡、普惠(hui)的(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)發展(zhan)伙伴(ban)關系。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主張各(ge)國堅持共(gong)同、綜(zong)合(he)、合(he)作、可持續(xu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀(guan)，推動構(gou)建不(bu)可分割(ge)的(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)共(gong)同體，走出(chu)一條對(dui)(dui)話(hua)而(er)(er)不(bu)對(dui)(dui)抗、結伴(ban)而(er)(er)不(bu)結盟、共(gong)贏而(er)(er)非零和(he)的(de)新型(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)之路(lu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)文明倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)倡(chang)導不(bu)同文明包容共(gong)存(cun)、交流互鑒(jian)，努(nu)力(li)開創(chuang)世界各(ge)國人文交流、文化交融、民心相(xiang)通(tong)新局面。三大倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)廣泛凝聚共(gong)識、匯(hui)聚力(li)量，為(wei)構(gou)建人類命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同體注(zhu)入強大動力(li)。

  從價(jia)(jia)(jia)值追求(qiu)(qiu)來(lai)把握。和平、發展、公平、正義(yi)、民主、自由的(de)全人類(lei)共同價(jia)(jia)(jia)值，是各國(guo)(guo)人民的(de)共同追求(qiu)(qiu)。我們要本著對人類(lei)前途命運(yun)高度負責(ze)的(de)態度，做全人類(lei)共同價(jia)(jia)(jia)值的(de)倡(chang)導者，以寬廣胸(xiong)懷理解不(bu)同文明(ming)對價(jia)(jia)(jia)值內涵的(de)認識，不(bu)將自己(ji)的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值觀和模式強加于人，不(bu)搞意(yi)識形態對抗。這(zhe)為(wei)世(shi)界各國(guo)(guo)在價(jia)(jia)(jia)值觀和意(yi)識形態領域超越差異(yi)分歧、實(shi)現文明(ming)交流互鑒提供(gong)(gong)了(le)思想支撐，為(wei)構(gou)建(jian)人類(lei)命運(yun)共同體提供(gong)(gong)了(le)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值引領。

  構建人類(lei)命(ming)運共同(tong)體理(li)念，把馬克思主義關于世界歷史(shi)的(de)(de)思想與中華優秀傳統文化(hua)所孕育的(de)(de)宇宙(zhou)觀和(he)天(tian)下觀結(jie)合起來(lai)，把中華民族的(de)(de)前(qian)途命(ming)運與人類(lei)社(she)會的(de)(de)未來(lai)發(fa)展統一(yi)(yi)起來(lai)，把實現(xian)民族復興和(he)推動人類(lei)進步(bu)統一(yi)(yi)到新時代的(de)(de)偉大實踐(jian)中。這一(yi)(yi)理(li)念，為不同(tong)文明相處(chu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)新范式，為全球治理(li)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)新思路，為國際交(jiao)往提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)新觀念，為應對(dui)共同(tong)挑戰提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)新方案，是對(dui)傳統國際關系權(quan)力觀、利益(yi)觀、發(fa)展觀、治理(li)觀、秩序觀的(de)(de)創新和(he)超越。

全面梳理實踐成果

  經(jing)過十年(nian)不(bu)懈努力，新時代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)外交不(bu)斷開(kai)創新局面(mian)，構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)類(lei)命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)取得豐碩成果。在(zai)(zai)雙邊層面(mian)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)老(lao)撾、巴基斯(si)坦、柬埔寨、泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)家就構(gou)建(jian)雙邊命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)發表行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)計劃、聯(lian)合聲明或達成重要共(gong)(gong)(gong)識；在(zai)(zai)區域層面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)建(jian)設(she)(she)周邊、亞洲、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)—東盟、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)亞、上海(hai)合作組織(zhi)等命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)；在(zai)(zai)跨區域層面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)非、中(zhong)(zhong)阿(a)、中(zhong)(zhong)拉、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)—太平洋(yang)島國(guo)(guo)(guo)等命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)；在(zai)(zai)全球(qiu)治理層面(mian)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)構(gou)建(jian)網絡空(kong)間命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、核安全命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、人(ren)類(lei)衛(wei)生健康(kang)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、全球(qiu)發展共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、人(ren)與(yu)自然(ran)生命共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、地球(qiu)生命共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)等。不(bu)同(tong)層面(mian)的共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)建(jian)設(she)(she)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)越來(lai)越多的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家不(bu)斷深化利益融合、愈加相(xiang)知相(xiang)親(qin)。

  在構建人(ren)類命運(yun)共同體(ti)理念引(yin)領下，我國(guo)(guo)堅(jian)持(chi)共商共建共享的(de)(de)全球(qiu)治(zhi)理觀，參與引(yin)領全球(qiu)治(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi)變革和建設。倡導真正的(de)(de)多(duo)邊(bian)主義(yi)，反(fan)對單邊(bian)主義(yi)和保護主義(yi)，堅(jian)定維護以聯合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)核心的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際體(ti)系(xi)、以國(guo)(guo)際法為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際秩(zhi)序、以聯合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)憲章宗旨和原則(ze)為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際關系(xi)基本(ben)準(zhun)則(ze)，支持(chi)擴大發(fa)展(zhan)中國(guo)(guo)家在國(guo)(guo)際事務中的(de)(de)代表性(xing)和話語權。十(shi)年(nian)來，人(ren)類命運(yun)共同體(ti)多(duo)次寫(xie)入聯合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)、上合(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織、金(jin)磚國(guo)(guo)家等多(duo)邊(bian)機制(zhi)決議或(huo)宣言，其承載的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)和平(ping)(ping)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)戰爭、要(yao)(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)貧窮(qiong)、要(yao)(yao)開放不(bu)要(yao)(yao)封閉、要(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)作不(bu)要(yao)(yao)對抗(kang)、要(yao)(yao)團(tuan)結不(bu)要(yao)(yao)分裂、要(yao)(yao)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)霸凌的(de)(de)價值選擇越發(fa)深入人(ren)心，為(wei)超越冷戰思維，探(tan)索對話合(he)(he)(he)作新模式(shi)、共謀和平(ping)(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)新未來描繪了美好藍圖。

  習(xi)近平(ping)(ping)主席強(qiang)調：“推動構建人(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)以一(yi)種(zhong)制度代替另一(yi)種(zhong)制度，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)以一(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)明代替另一(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)明，而(er)(er)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)社會制度、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意識形態、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)歷史文(wen)(wen)化、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)事務中利益共(gong)生、權利共(gong)享(xiang)、責任共(gong)擔，形成(cheng)共(gong)建美好世界的(de)(de)最大公約(yue)數。”中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)提出(chu)構建人(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)要對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)體(ti)系(xi)推倒重來(lai)，也不(bu)(bu)是(shi)另起(qi)爐灶，而(er)(er)是(shi)創新(xin)完善，推動改革全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)中不(bu)(bu)公正(zheng)不(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)安排，努力(li)使全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)體(ti)制更加平(ping)(ping)衡地反映大多數國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家意愿和利益，廣泛凝聚共(gong)建共(gong)享(xiang)的(de)(de)智慧和力(li)量。這一(yi)理(li)(li)念，是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在對時(shi)代特征、世界大勢、自身發(fa)展(zhan)條件和目標等深(shen)刻把握的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，伴隨著深(shen)度融入(ru)世界的(de)(de)進程(cheng)而(er)(er)提出(chu)的(de)(de)，體(ti)現發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)認同(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)強(qiang)必霸邏輯、走(zou)和平(ping)(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)道路的(de)(de)堅定信(xin)心和決(jue)心。構建人(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)在實踐中取(qu)得的(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)成(cheng)果，充分證明中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和平(ping)(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)道路對西(xi)方現實主義權力(li)邏輯的(de)(de)全(quan)面超越。

不斷深化理論研究

  伴(ban)隨構(gou)建(jian)人類命運共同(tong)體思想內涵(han)的(de)不斷豐富和實踐(jian)的(de)深(shen)入推進，相關研(yan)究(jiu)主要從理論的(de)演化發展(zhan)和實踐(jian)的(de)政策舉(ju)措兩(liang)個維度展(zhan)開。

  從理(li)論(lun)維度上，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)研究(jiu)從哲學、政(zheng)治(zhi)學等學科領域(yu)出發(fa)，主要圍(wei)繞(rao)人類(lei)命(ming)運共同(tong)體及與(yu)其緊密關(guan)(guan)聯的新(xin)(xin)型國際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)、共建“一帶(dai)一路”、全人類(lei)共同(tong)價值等理(li)念(nian)倡(chang)議的內涵(han)外(wai)延、價值意義(yi)等展開。這些理(li)念(nian)倡(chang)議在習(xi)近平外(wai)交思(si)想(xiang)體系(xi)中的地位(wei)，其理(li)論(lun)淵源(yuan)及相(xiang)(xiang)互之(zhi)間的邏輯關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，與(yu)馬克(ke)思(si)主義(yi)國際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)理(li)論(lun)、與(yu)新(xin)(xin)中國成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)以來的外(wai)交優良傳(chuan)統的傳(chuan)承與(yu)創新(xin)(xin)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，對過去長期主導世(shi)界的西(xi)方傳(chuan)統國際(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)理(li)論(lun)的超越(yue)等，圍(wei)繞(rao)這些問題形成(cheng)(cheng)一大(da)批研究(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)果。

  在(zai)實踐維度上(shang)，相關研究(jiu)主要圍繞一系列現(xian)實針(zhen)對(dui)性較(jiao)強的(de)問題(ti)展開，比如，構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)對(dui)解決(jue)當今世界(jie)和(he)平、發展、安全(quan)面(mian)(mian)臨的(de)突出問題(ti)的(de)實際意義，構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)面(mian)(mian)臨的(de)機遇(yu)和(he)挑戰以及(ji)實現(xian)路(lu)徑、政策、舉措，人(ren)(ren)類命(ming)(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)理念在(zai)不同(tong)(tong)國家與文化之(zhi)間的(de)傳(chuan)播和(he)認知情況以及(ji)如何促進有效傳(chuan)播和(he)正確(que)認知，等(deng)等(deng)。

  作為(wei)在新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)偉大實踐中(zhong)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)并不斷(duan)豐(feng)富發展(zhan)的(de)理(li)念，構(gou)建人(ren)類命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)體回(hui)應(ying)了(le)我國(guo)(guo)和世界(jie)發展(zhan)的(de)重大問題(ti)，具有鮮明的(de)主(zhu)體性、原(yuan)創性。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)理(li)念引導研(yan)究者以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)觀照、以(yi)時代(dai)為(wei)觀照，解(jie)決(jue)人(ren)類面臨(lin)的(de)共(gong)同(tong)問題(ti)，增強研(yan)究的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性，為(wei)推動我國(guo)(guo)哲學社會科學知(zhi)識創新(xin)(xin)、理(li)論(lun)創新(xin)(xin)、方法創新(xin)(xin)拓展(zhan)了(le)寬(kuan)廣空間(jian)。圍繞這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)理(li)念形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)，為(wei)建構(gou)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)的(de)知(zhi)識體系作出(chu)了(le)重要貢獻。

  構建人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是一(yi)個需要(yao)長期不懈努力才能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)好目標。我們要(yao)以(yi)更(geng)長遠視(shi)角、更(geng)廣(guang)闊視(shi)野深化(hua)和拓展(zhan)研究，為這(zhe)一(yi)理念(nian)在實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)進一(yi)步走深走實(shi)(shi)提(ti)供(gong)學理支撐。比如，在中(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進程中(zhong)(zhong)、在世界(jie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進程中(zhong)(zhong)，構建人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值和意義(yi)；在人(ren)類(lei)文明的(de)(de)(de)視(shi)域下，構建人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)對創造人(ren)類(lei)文明新形態的(de)(de)(de)貢獻；如何夯實(shi)(shi)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)利益基(ji)礎、共(gong)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)值基(ji)礎，不斷破解(jie)構建人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)難題(ti)；結合當下信息化(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)、數據化(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)方興未(wei)艾的(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)背景，人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)未(wei)來圖景有哪些(xie)特點等，這(zhe)些(xie)都是需要(yao)進一(yi)步深化(hua)研究的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。

（作(zuo)者(zhe)為(wei)中(zhong)央黨(dang)校（國(guo)(guo)家行政學院）國(guo)(guo)際戰略研究院院長）

引領人類文明進步的發展方向（學術圓桌）

劉同舫

  中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)化代(dai)表人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明進步的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方向，展現了不同(tong)于(yu)西方現代(dai)化模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)新圖景(jing)，是一(yi)種(zhong)全新的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明形態。中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)化走和(he)平(ping)發(fa)展道(dao)路，始(shi)終站(zhan)在(zai)歷史正確的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)邊、站(zhan)在(zai)人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明進步的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)邊，推(tui)(tui)動構建人(ren)類(lei)命運共同(tong)體。構建人(ren)類(lei)命運共同(tong)體，有利于(yu)解(jie)決人(ren)類(lei)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)問題，不斷推(tui)(tui)動人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明進步，不斷譜(pu)寫(xie)人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明發(fa)展新篇章(zhang)。

  促(cu)進不同(tong)(tong)文明(ming)命運與共(gong)(gong)。馬(ma)克思、恩格(ge)斯說：“各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始封閉狀態由(you)于(yu)日益(yi)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式、交(jiao)往(wang)以及(ji)因交(jiao)往(wang)而自然(ran)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)民族之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)工消滅得越是(shi)(shi)徹(che)底，歷史也就(jiu)越是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)歷史。”在(zai)唯物史觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視域中(zhong)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)資(zi)本(ben)在(zai)全球各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)“到(dao)處落戶，到(dao)處開(kai)發(fa)(fa)，到(dao)處建(jian)立聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)”推(tui)(tui)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。但由(you)資(zi)本(ben)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，從一開(kai)始就(jiu)具(ju)有不平等性，并不能均衡(heng)地(di)增(zeng)進全人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)。資(zi)本(ben)邏(luo)輯(ji)支配(pei)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)市場體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、全球治理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)面臨(lin)著深刻危(wei)機(ji)。構建(jian)人類命運共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)理(li)念(nian)，秉(bing)持大小國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一律(lv)平等，堅(jian)持共(gong)(gong)商(shang)、共(gong)(gong)建(jian)、共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)，主(zhu)張世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)命運應該(gai)(gai)由(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)掌握(wo)，國(guo)(guo)際規(gui)則應該(gai)(gai)由(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)書寫，全球事務應該(gai)(gai)由(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)治理(li)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)果(guo)應該(gai)(gai)由(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)分(fen)享(xiang)。依托共(gong)(gong)建(jian)“一帶一路”等平臺，通過世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟互利(li)合作，提升發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)全球產(chan)(chan)(chan)業鏈中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)，進一步消弭南北(bei)差距，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)解決國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)間和(he)(he)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)部發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不平衡(heng)、不充分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)設開(kai)放(fang)型(xing)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟，增(zeng)強合作機(ji)制、理(li)念(nian)、政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)放(fang)性和(he)(he)包容(rong)性，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)經(jing)濟全球化(hua)向(xiang)著更(geng)(geng)加(jia)開(kai)放(fang)、包容(rong)、普惠、平衡(heng)、共(gong)(gong)贏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，讓發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)果(guo)更(geng)(geng)多惠及(ji)人民，打(da)造(zao)更(geng)(geng)加(jia)牢(lao)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)。構建(jian)人類命運共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)和(he)(he)實踐(jian)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)人類在(zai)相(xiang)互聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、彼此(ci)依存中(zhong)不斷增(zeng)進整體(ti)(ti)利(li)益(yi)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)全球生產(chan)(chan)(chan)力更(geng)(geng)加(jia)均衡(heng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)利(li)益(yi)共(gong)(gong)生、權利(li)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)、責(ze)任共(gong)(gong)擔，有力促(cu)進不同(tong)(tong)文明(ming)彼此(ci)平等、命運與共(gong)(gong)、休戚與共(gong)(gong)。

  促(cu)進不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)合(he)作(zuo)共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)。世界(jie)(jie)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)進程，是(shi)從西方資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)義國(guo)家開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。伴隨著較早完成(cheng)工業化(hua)(hua)，資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)義文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)形成(cheng)了“以我為(wei)(wei)尊(zun)”“以我為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心態，在(zai)處理(li)“我”與“他者”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系上(shang)更強調競(jing)爭(zheng)多于合(he)作(zuo)、對立多于統一(yi)。零和(he)博弈、冷戰(zhan)思維(wei)、“脫(tuo)鉤斷(duan)鏈”等(deng)思維(wei)和(he)做法，正是(shi)造成(cheng)當下世界(jie)(jie)和(he)平(ping)(ping)赤(chi)字(zi)、發(fa)展赤(chi)字(zi)、安全(quan)赤(chi)字(zi)、治理(li)赤(chi)字(zi)加劇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要根源。構建人類命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體理(li)念，摒棄“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)優越(yue)論”“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)沖突論”，主(zhu)張萬物(wu)并育而不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)害、道并行而不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)悖(bei)，尊(zun)重(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)個性，積極尋求(qiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)性，以文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)流超越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)隔閡、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)互鑒超越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)沖突、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)包(bao)容(rong)(rong)超越(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)優越(yue)，讓文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)流互鑒成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)推動人類社會進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力、維(wei)護世界(jie)(jie)和(he)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紐帶。這為(wei)(wei)處理(li)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系提(ti)(ti)供了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)角。強調樹立雙(shuang)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、多贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)理(li)念，摒棄你輸我贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、贏(ying)(ying)(ying)者通吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊思維(wei)，擴大(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)其(qi)他國(guo)家利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯合(he)點，把自身發(fa)展與世界(jie)(jie)各(ge)國(guo)發(fa)展統一(yi)起(qi)來，促(cu)進共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展繁榮。提(ti)(ti)倡在(zai)公平(ping)(ping)公正基礎(chu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性競(jing)爭(zheng)，堅持對話而不(bu)(bu)對抗、包(bao)容(rong)(rong)而不(bu)(bu)排他，用戰(zhan)略溝通增進政治互信，用協(xie)商對話取(qu)代(dai)對立沖突。構建人類命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體，要打造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)個容(rong)(rong)得下各(ge)國(guo)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)成(cheng)長和(he)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)(jie)，將有(you)力促(cu)進不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)合(he)作(zuo)共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)(ying)、和(he)合(he)共(gong)生(sheng)。

  促進不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)包(bao)容共(gong)存(cun)。西方以資本為(wei)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化，通過殖民(min)(min)(min)擴張實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)資本原始積累(lei)，通過對(dui)(dui)外(wai)戰(zhan)爭轉嫁(jia)自(zi)身發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種種危機(ji)，通過推(tui)行所謂“普世(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”將(jiang)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)和模式強加于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)帶來了深重(zhong)災(zai)難(nan)。構建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)以全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)追求(qiu)和支撐。各國(guo)(guo)歷史、文(wen)化、制(zhi)度(du)、發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)盡相同(tong)(tong)(tong)，但各國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)都追求(qiu)和平(ping)、發(fa)展(zhan)、公平(ping)、正義、民(min)(min)(min)主、自(zi)由的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。和平(ping)與發(fa)展(zhan)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)事業，公平(ping)正義是我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)理(li)想，民(min)(min)(min)主自(zi)由是我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)追求(qiu)。世(shi)(shi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“自(zi)由民(min)(min)(min)主”，不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在唯我(wo)(wo)獨尊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“普世(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，把本國(guo)(guo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)強加于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)只(zhi)能(neng)增加動蕩，按意(yi)識形態(tai)劃(hua)線極易造成沖突。推(tui)動構建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)，就(jiu)要(yao)本著對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)前途(tu)命(ming)(ming)運高度(du)負責的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度(du)，做全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倡導(dao)者，以寬廣胸懷理(li)解不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內涵(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，尊重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)路徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索，尊重(zhong)和支持各國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化道(dao)(dao)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主選擇，把全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具體(ti)地、現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)地體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)到(dao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)本國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐中去。構建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命(ming)(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)，堅守和弘揚全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一個能(neng)夠承載不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)形態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)、能(neng)夠兼容多樣現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化道(dao)(dao)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界，必將(jiang)廣泛凝聚價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)識，畫(hua)出最大同(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)圓，促進不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)包(bao)容共(gong)存(cun)、交流互鑒，共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)豐富世(shi)(shi)界文(wen)明(ming)(ming)百花園。

（作者為浙江大學馬克思主義學院(yuan)教授）

彰顯中國特色、中國風格、中國氣派（學術圓桌）

郭樹勇

  構(gou)建人類(lei)(lei)命運共同(tong)體理(li)念，科學回答(da)了“建設一個什么(me)樣的(de)世界、如何建設這(zhe)個世界”等重(zhong)大課題，為(wei)處于歷史十字(zi)路口的(de)世界指明了前進方(fang)向。這(zhe)一理(li)念富有(you)中國(guo)特色、引領(ling)人類(lei)(lei)發展進步潮流，彰顯中國(guo)立場、中國(guo)智慧、中國(guo)價值，成為(wei)新時代(dai)中國(guo)具有(you)重(zhong)大國(guo)際影響力、感染力的(de)標(biao)識性概(gai)念。

  概念(nian)是(shi)理論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。在習近平外(wai)交思想的(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)具有基礎(chu)性、統領性的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)概念(nian)。服(fu)務民(min)族(zu)復(fu)興、促進(jin)人(ren)類(lei)進(jin)步(bu)，是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)交的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)。實(shi)現(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)偉大復(fu)興需要(yao)有利的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際環境，中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)要(yao)對人(ren)類(lei)和平與發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)高事業作出更大貢獻。可(ke)以說(shuo)，構建(jian)人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)，把服(fu)務民(min)族(zu)復(fu)興和促進(jin)人(ren)類(lei)進(jin)步(bu)統籌起來，充(chong)分體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)(zhan)和世界發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)高度統一(yi)(yi)，深刻揭(jie)示了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)交的(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)要(yao)求和前行方向，是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)交的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)目(mu)標(biao)。圍繞(rao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)這一(yi)(yi)總(zong)(zong)目(mu)標(biao)，我們提(ti)出構建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型國(guo)(guo)際關(guan)系(xi)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”、全人(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同價值、全球發展(zhan)(zhan)倡(chang)議(yi)、全球安全倡(chang)議(yi)、全球文明倡(chang)議(yi)等一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列新(xin)(xin)(xin)理念(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)張新(xin)(xin)(xin)倡(chang)議(yi)，使人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)這一(yi)(yi)概念(nian)更加立體(ti)(ti)(ti)豐富，使新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代我國(guo)(guo)外(wai)交原則立場(chang)更加鮮明、外(wai)交理論(lun)更具時(shi)代特色。構建(jian)人(ren)類(lei)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)守正創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、立己達人(ren)、擔當作為的(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)品格，充(chong)分彰顯中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)風格、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)派。

  守正(zheng)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后，我(wo)們黨確立(li)獨(du)立(li)自主的(de)(de)和平外(wai)(wai)交方針，在不同(tong)歷史時(shi)(shi)(shi)期根據國(guo)(guo)(guo)際形勢變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)和我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)任務，提出(chu)不同(tong)外(wai)(wai)交思(si)想和主張。進入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際力(li)(li)量對比發生深(shen)刻(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)際秩序深(shen)度調整(zheng)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)正(zheng)處于百年未有之(zhi)大(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)局，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)關系(xi)發生歷史性(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，需要(yao)(yao)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)理念(nian)(nian)引(yin)領新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)實踐。在深(shen)刻(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)中(zhong)，我(wo)們黨堅持以(yi)馬克(ke)思(si)主義觀察(cha)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代、把握(wo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代、引(yin)領時(shi)(shi)(shi)代，深(shen)刻(ke)(ke)把握(wo)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)相(xiang)互聯系(xi)、相(xiang)互依存更加緊密的(de)(de)現(xian)實，深(shen)刻(ke)(ke)把握(wo)人類(lei)越來越成(cheng)為(wei)不可分割的(de)(de)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)(de)趨勢，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)準確分析新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)中(zhong)的(de)(de)位(wei)置和使(shi)命(ming)，從而(er)提出(chu)構建人類(lei)命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)理念(nian)(nian)。這一(yi)理念(nian)(nian)與(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)往提出(chu)的(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列外(wai)(wai)交思(si)想和主張一(yi)脈相(xiang)承，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)是順應(ying)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代要(yao)(yao)求、因應(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)關系(xi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)作出(chu)的(de)(de)理論(lun)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。這一(yi)理論(lun)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不僅推動(dong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)交展(zhan)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)氣(qi)象、開拓新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)局面，也(ye)給當(dang)今世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)構建互利合作的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際關系(xi)注(zhu)入(ru)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)活力(li)(li)，為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際關系(xi)理論(lun)跳(tiao)出(chu)傳(chuan)統窠(ke)臼、更加符合變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)了的(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)政治經濟格局打開了全新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)視野。

  立(li)(li)己達人(ren)(ren)(ren)。習近平主席指出：“各(ge)國(guo)(guo)應(ying)該堅(jian)持(chi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)優先的(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)(nian)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)把一(yi)己之利凌駕于人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)利益之上。”構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)理(li)念(nian)(nian)堅(jian)持(chi)馬(ma)克思(si)主義立(li)(li)場觀點方(fang)法，植根(gen)深厚中(zhong)華優秀(xiu)傳統(tong)文(wen)化，展(zhan)現(xian)立(li)(li)己達人(ren)(ren)(ren)、胸懷(huai)天下的(de)(de)大國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)度。馬(ma)克思(si)主義堅(jian)持(chi)無(wu)產階級的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)主義同(tong)(tong)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)愛國(guo)(guo)主義相結(jie)合。中(zhong)華文(wen)明主張“大道之行也，天下為公”，推崇不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)家、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)文(wen)化“美(mei)美(mei)與共(gong)，天下大同(tong)(tong)”。構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)是消(xiao)滅分歧和差異(yi)，而(er)是求同(tong)(tong)存異(yi)，突出人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)性，實(shi)現(xian)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內個體(ti)(ti)(ti)與整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)有機統(tong)一(yi)。雖然在(zai)西方(fang)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)關系(xi)理(li)論(lun)中(zhong)，也有一(yi)些具有跨文(wen)化視野的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)成果，但其考察(cha)視野建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)平等的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)關系(xi)之上，因(yin)而(er)無(wu)法完成關乎人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)前途(tu)命運的(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)建(jian)(jian)構(gou)(gou)。構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)命運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)理(li)念(nian)(nian)既承載中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)立(li)(li)足自身更好發展(zhan)對國(guo)(guo)際(ji)環境提出的(de)(de)期(qi)待，也蘊含世界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)對美(mei)好未(wei)來的(de)(de)期(qi)許，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)把自身利益與世界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)利益緊密聯(lian)系(xi)在(zai)一(yi)起、以(yi)自身發展(zhan)為世界(jie)提供(gong)更多新機遇的(de)(de)天下情懷(huai)。

  擔(dan)(dan)當(dang)(dang)作(zuo)為。中國(guo)對(dui)世(shi)界經濟(ji)增長的(de)貢獻率連續多年達(da)到30%左右，中國(guo)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)壯大(da)(da)(da)深刻(ke)影(ying)響(xiang)世(shi)界歷史(shi)進(jin)程。弄(nong)清楚我(wo)國(guo)在世(shi)界格局(ju)演變中的(de)地位和作(zuo)用，科學制定對(dui)外方針政策，才能實(shi)現(xian)我(wo)國(guo)與(yu)世(shi)界的(de)良(liang)性互動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。構(gou)(gou)建人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)彰顯了中國(guo)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)擔(dan)(dan)當(dang)(dang)。大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)要有(you)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)的(de)樣子(zi)，要提(ti)供(gong)更多全(quan)球公共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)，在維(wei)護(hu)世(shi)界和平、促進(jin)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)繁(fan)榮、推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)文明互鑒上(shang)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)責任(ren)、展(zhan)現(xian)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)擔(dan)(dan)當(dang)(dang)。在雙邊(bian)(bian)層(ceng)(ceng)面，我(wo)國(guo)與(yu)老撾、巴基斯坦、柬(jian)埔寨、泰國(guo)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)家就構(gou)(gou)建雙邊(bian)(bian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)發(fa)(fa)表(biao)行動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)、聯合聲明或達(da)成重要共(gong)(gong)(gong)識(shi)；在區域層(ceng)(ceng)面，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)建設周邊(bian)(bian)、亞洲、中國(guo)—東盟、上(shang)海(hai)合作(zuo)組(zu)織等(deng)(deng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)；在全(quan)球治理層(ceng)(ceng)面，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)構(gou)(gou)建網絡(luo)空間命(ming)(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)衛生健康共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)生命(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)等(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)理念和倡議，豐富和細化了人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)運(yun)(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)理論內涵和實(shi)踐路徑，體(ti)現(xian)了中國(guo)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)謀(mou)進(jin)步、為世(shi)界謀(mou)大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)的(de)鄭重承(cheng)諾和責任(ren)擔(dan)(dan)當(dang)(dang)。

（作(zuo)者為(wei)上海外國語大學國際關系與(yu)公共事務(wu)學院教授(shou)）

原標題：人民日報整版探討(tao)：構建人類命(ming)運共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)理念(nian)有哪些(xie)豐富內(nei)涵？

《 人民日報 》（ 2023年05月22日 09 版）

責編：楊光宇、牛鏞

網頁編輯：劉旸