日前(qian)召開的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央農(nong)村(cun)(cun)工(gong)作會(hui)議(yi)傳(chuan)達學習(xi)了習(xi)近平總書(shu)記對(dui)“三農(nong)”工(gong)作作出的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)指示，強調(diao)“堅持農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)優先發(fa)展(zhan)，堅持城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)”。城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)問題是(shi)(shi)任(ren)何一個(ge)大國(guo)在現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)都無法回避的(de)現(xian)實(shi)課(ke)題。改革開放以來(lai)特(te)別是(shi)(shi)黨的(de)十(shi)八大以來(lai)，我們(men)黨持續深(shen)化(hua)對(dui)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)關系(xi)規律的(de)認識，城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)關系(xi)不斷改善(shan)。黨的(de)十(shi)九屆五中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)提出，強化(hua)以工(gong)補(bu)農(nong)、以城(cheng)帶鄉(xiang)(xiang)，推動形成(cheng)工(gong)農(nong)互(hu)促、城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)補(bu)、協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)、共同繁榮(rong)的(de)新型工(gong)農(nong)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)關系(xi)，加快農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)。習(xi)近平總書(shu)記在2020年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)央農(nong)村(cun)(cun)工(gong)作會(hui)議(yi)上強調(diao)，“今(jin)后15年(nian)是(shi)(shi)破(po)除城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)二元結構、健全(quan)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)的(de)窗(chuang)口期”，為城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)指明了前(qian)進(jin)方向。推進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，需要(yao)把握“窗(chuang)口期”，打好(hao)“組合(he)拳(quan)”，高(gao)質(zhi)量推進(jin)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)。
城鄉融合的主要特征
人(ren)(ren)口(kou)規模巨大的(de)城鄉(xiang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)。我國(guo)(guo)農村戶籍(ji)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)7.6億人(ren)(ren)，超(chao)過了所(suo)有(you)發達國(guo)(guo)家農村人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)總(zong)和(he)。如(ru)何(he)將巨大的(de)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)規模轉化為持續(xu)性的(de)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)紅利，如(ru)何(he)在人(ren)(ren)口(kou)老齡(ling)化程度不斷加(jia)深(shen)的(de)背景下通過城鄉(xiang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)推(tui)進共(gong)同富(fu)裕，其艱(jian)巨性、復(fu)雜性前所(suo)未有(you)，這(zhe)是我國(guo)(guo)當前城鄉(xiang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)現實(shi)國(guo)(guo)情(qing)。
持續(xu)擴大中等收(shou)入群體(ti)的城(cheng)鄉融合(he)。全面(mian)建成小康社會后，共(gong)同富裕成為(wei)城(cheng)鄉融合(he)主要(yao)目(mu)標(biao)，持續(xu)擴大城(cheng)鄉中等收(shou)入群體(ti)則是(shi)實現共(gong)同富裕的重要(yao)內容。目(mu)前我國(guo)大量中低收(shou)入者來源于農民(min)群體(ti)，新型(xing)職(zhi)業農民(min)、農民(min)工(gong)群體(ti)都是(shi)中等收(shou)入群體(ti)擴容的主體(ti)。
數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)驅動(dong)下的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)融(rong)合。隨著大數(shu)(shu)據、云計算(suan)、人工智能、物聯網等數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)基(ji)礎設(she)施的(de)發展，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化浪潮正(zheng)快速打破(po)傳統城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)二元結構的(de)藩籬。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)催生了城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)經(jing)濟的(de)新業態、城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)流動(dong)的(de)新要(yao)素、資(zi)源配置的(de)新平臺。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化從技(ji)術(shu)(shu)—經(jing)濟層(ceng)面(mian)不(bu)斷重塑著城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)關系(xi)，當(dang)前的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)融(rong)合必然是(shi)與數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)融(rong)合共生型的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)融(rong)合。
城鄉融合發展面臨的主要問題
城鄉(xiang)融合(he)是一(yi)個長(chang)期的歷史過程(cheng)，當前我國城鄉(xiang)融合(he)發展取得積極成效，但也面臨以下需要重點(dian)解決(jue)的問題：
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)目(mu)標(biao)仍(reng)有(you)(you)差距。推進中國(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)，必(bi)須堅持不(bu)懈夯實(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人口規模大(da)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)需求(qiu)量大(da)，糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安全是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)格(ge)局演變中國(guo)(guo)(guo)家經(jing)濟安全的(de)(de)(de)“壓艙石”。長期以來我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)普遍(bian)規模小(xiao)、利潤薄、現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度低(di)。首先(xian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)仍(reng)然不(bu)穩固(gu)。此(ci)次中央(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)再次強(qiang)調，要堅決守住耕(geng)地這(zhe)個(ge)命根(gen)子。堅決整治(zhi)亂(luan)占、破壞耕(geng)地違法(fa)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，加大(da)高標(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田建設(she)(she)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)和(he)管護力(li)度，確保耕(geng)地數(shu)量保障和(he)質量提(ti)升。要強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)科技(ji)和(he)改(gai)革雙輪驅動(dong)，加大(da)核心(xin)技(ji)術攻關力(li)度，改(gai)革和(he)完善(shan)“三(san)(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”工(gong)作(zuo)體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)增動(dong)力(li)添活力(li)。目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高標(biao)準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田建設(she)(she)數(shu)量依然有(you)(you)限，糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)和(he)主(zhu)銷區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)省際(ji)橫(heng)向利益補償機(ji)制(zhi)不(bu)健全，導致糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)種糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)積極性不(bu)高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)相對不(bu)足(zu)。其次，現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系尚(shang)未形成。此(ci)次中央(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)提(ti)出(chu)，要“樹立大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)、大(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)觀(guan)(guan)”。隨著人民收入(ru)(ru)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，食(shi)(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構也在發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)。“大(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)觀(guan)(guan)”以構建全方位(wei)、多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)供給體(ti)系為(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)標(biao)，食(shi)(shi)物(wu)來源從耕(geng)地資(zi)源向江河湖海(hai)森林草原等非耕(geng)地資(zi)源拓展，減輕糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)供給壓力(li)。而“大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)”從現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)視角，將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展立體(ti)化(hua)(hua)，不(bu)僅(jin)包括(kuo)傳統的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧副(fu)漁(yu)單向生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)維度，而且包括(kuo)加工(gong)、物(wu)流、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)、服(fu)務(wu)、品(pin)牌等全鏈條三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)融合，還包括(kuo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)育種、設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、智慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新型食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等高附加值業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)方面(mian)，以種子、化(hua)(hua)肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)代表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術創新仍(reng)不(bu)足(zu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)社會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系相對滯(zhi)后。國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)經(jing)驗表(biao)明(ming)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)規模越小(xiao)、越分散，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)社會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)就越大(da)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)服(fu)務(wu)等社會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系發(fa)展相對滯(zhi)后，導致中間投(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)價格(ge)擠(ji)占大(da)量農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收益，進而增加了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)。
縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)中的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐力不(bu)足。縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)是城(cheng)(cheng)鄉融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要戰略支(zhi)撐點。我國城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化主(zhu)要以(yi)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)群、都市(shi)圈為主(zhu)導(dao)，縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)尤其是中西(xi)部縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展(zhan)中的(de)(de)功能相(xiang)對(dui)弱(ruo)化。在(zai)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)新型工業(ye)化方面(mian)，虹吸效應(ying)導(dao)致(zhi)人(ren)口(kou)、資(zi)源、產業(ye)加速向大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)轉(zhuan)移，縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)產業(ye)轉(zhuan)移的(de)(de)承(cheng)接力受(shou)限，實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)相(xiang)對(dui)滯后。在(zai)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化方面(mian)，中西(xi)部地區勞動力持續外(wai)流導(dao)致(zhi)以(yi)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)為重(zhong)要載體(ti)的(de)(de)新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化進程受(shou)阻。在(zai)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)對(dui)鄉村振興(xing)的(de)(de)引(yin)領(ling)帶(dai)動效應(ying)方面(mian)，中西(xi)部地區傳統農業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營規(gui)模小、布(bu)局散、鏈(lian)條短、附加值低(di)，農業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營與縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)新型工業(ye)化缺乏(fa)聯(lian)動效應(ying)，縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)綜合(he)(he)承(cheng)載力對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐作用不(bu)足。
推進城鄉融合高質量發展
習近(jin)平總(zong)書(shu)記指出，“如何處理好工(gong)農關(guan)系、城(cheng)鄉關(guan)系，在(zai)一(yi)定程度上決定著現代化的(de)成敗”。強(qiang)化以(yi)工(gong)補農、以(yi)城(cheng)帶鄉，推(tui)動(dong)形成工(gong)農互促、城(cheng)鄉互補、協(xie)調發展、共同繁榮的(de)新(xin)型工(gong)農城(cheng)鄉關(guan)系，應重點聚焦(jiao)以(yi)下方(fang)面的(de)工(gong)作。
以鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)和縣域經濟發展雙輪驅動推(tui)進(jin)城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合。此次中央(yang)農村(cun)(cun)工(gong)(gong)作會議提出，把推(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)作為新時代(dai)新征(zheng)程“三農”工(gong)(gong)作的總抓手，要(yao)(yao)“有力(li)有效推(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)”。鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)“有力(li)”，就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)發揮(hui)我(wo)國(guo)社會主義制度集中力(li)量辦大事的政(zheng)治優勢，壓實五(wu)級書記(ji)抓鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)責(ze)任，落實農業農村(cun)(cun)優先(xian)發展，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)政(zheng)策支(zhi)持和要(yao)(yao)素保(bao)障。鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)“有效”，就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)找準(zhun)切入點，順(shun)應鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)發展規律(lv)，精準(zhun)務實培育鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)產業，扎實有序(xu)推(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)農民增收舉措(cuo)，推(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全面(mian)(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)不斷取(qu)得實質(zhi)性進(jin)展、階段性成果。
鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興是(shi)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合(he)(he)的(de)(de)基礎，縣(xian)(xian)域經濟(ji)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)則是(shi)構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)關系、促進(jin)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)樞紐。以(yi)高質(zhi)量城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合(he)(he)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)，必須堅(jian)持鄉(xiang)村(cun)全面振興與縣(xian)(xian)域經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)協同(tong)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)。一是(shi)需立足區位特(te)(te)色(se)，差異化(hua)(hua)分類發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，形成特(te)(te)色(se)鄉(xiang)村(cun)與特(te)(te)色(se)縣(xian)(xian)域經濟(ji)聯動發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)模式(shi)。以(yi)特(te)(te)色(se)化(hua)(hua)賦能農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)綠色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、休(xiu)閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、數字農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態新(xin)(xin)(xin)模式(shi)。以(yi)國(guo)內大循環產(chan)業(ye)梯度轉移和(he)東西部協作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)契(qi)機，立足稟賦，培育特(te)(te)色(se)，以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)融合(he)(he)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。二是(shi)當前農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)轉移人(ren)口已(yi)從跨(kua)省(sheng)流(liu)動轉向以(yi)省(sheng)內流(liu)動為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，應以(yi)此為(wei)(wei)(wei)契(qi)機加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)以(yi)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要載(zai)體的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)，形成大中(zhong)小城(cheng)市與小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)格局(ju)。三是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)視治理機制(zhi)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)，實現(xian)縣(xian)(xian)域范圍內新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)與新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
以高質量(liang)的農(nong)(nong)地(di)制(zhi)度改(gai)革(ge)(ge)暢通城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)素雙向流(liu)動。人(ren)地(di)關系是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)的核心(xin)(xin)內(nei)容(rong)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)“三塊地(di)”改(gai)革(ge)(ge)成果為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)素流(liu)動奠定了堅(jian)實(shi)制(zhi)度基礎。促進(jin)和(he)完善農(nong)(nong)地(di)制(zhi)度改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，應注重盤(pan)活(huo)“存量(liang)型”農(nong)(nong)村(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)營(ying)性建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)，積極探索集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)濟股(gu)份合(he)作制(zhi)的治(zhi)理模式(shi)，將(jiang)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)營(ying)性建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)的財富效應與農(nong)(nong)戶利益(yi)分配(pei)、集(ji)(ji)體產業升級等聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)機制(zhi)聯(lian)動起(qi)來。順(shun)應城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)口(kou)規模變(bian)動趨(qu)勢，穩妥盤(pan)活(huo)宅基地(di)退出(chu)和(he)“空心(xin)(xin)村(cun)”治(zhi)理形成的潛(qian)在(zai)“增量(liang)型”農(nong)(nong)村(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)營(ying)性建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)。通過(guo)公(gong)平補償原則逐步實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業轉移人(ren)口(kou)市民化和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)設用(yong)地(di)的結構優(you)化。對符合(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)規劃的農(nong)(nong)村(cun)閑置(zhi)住房和(he)宅基地(di)，應加快宅基地(di)“三權分置(zhi)”改(gai)革(ge)(ge)探索。
以統(tong)籌城(cheng)鄉公平(ping)統(tong)一的(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)保(bao)險制度(du)改革加速城(cheng)鄉融(rong)合(he)。逐(zhu)步提高農(nong)村居民(min)(min)養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)保(bao)險中(zhong)帶有國民(min)(min)年(nian)金(jin)性(xing)質的(de)基礎(chu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)金(jin)部分待遇(yu)水平(ping)。探索(suo)老(lao)(lao)年(nian)農(nong)民(min)(min)承包經營權(quan)的(de)退(tui)出(chu)與職工(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)保(bao)險權(quan)益的(de)對(dui)接置換，這(zhe)不僅能有效(xiao)緩解農(nong)村家庭養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)壓力，還能實現農(nong)地(di)規模經營。將集體(ti)經濟組織納入農(nong)村養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)保(bao)險的(de)繳費主(zhu)體(ti)，通過改革試(shi)點的(de)形式逐(zhu)步建立農(nong)民(min)(min)與城(cheng)市職工(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)保(bao)險類似的(de)職工(gong)(gong)、單位雙主(zhu)體(ti)繳費模式。
以新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟高質量發(fa)展助力(li)城(cheng)鄉融合(he)。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展，一是(shi)(shi)通過建(jian)(jian)立“歸屬清晰、權(quan)責明確(que)、利益共享(xiang)、保護(hu)嚴格、流轉(zhuan)規范、監管有力(li)”的農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟組織產(chan)(chan)權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，助力(li)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)業振(zhen)興；二是(shi)(shi)依托(tuo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)地制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改革的成(cheng)果(guo)，拓展多元化的產(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展路(lu)徑，鼓(gu)勵支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟組織升級(ji)改造閑置(zhi)集(ji)(ji)體資產(chan)(chan)，投資生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性設施，實(shi)現(xian)三產(chan)(chan)融合(he)發(fa)展；三是(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)勵引導(dao)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟之間(jian)抱團發(fa)展，鼓(gu)勵新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)農(nong)(nong)民專業合(he)作社等聯(lian)合(he)組建(jian)(jian)混合(he)所有制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體，增(zeng)強新(xin)(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)(ji)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展活力(li)。
（本文(wen)系國(guo)家社科基金(jin)一(yi)般(ban)項目(mu)“我國(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)農民工相對貧困多維識別及(ji)治理研究”階段性(xing)成果）
原標題：以高質量城鄉融合推進中國式現代化
責任編輯：鄭彥
網頁編輯：蘇偉