要(yao)切實有力有效(xiao)推進(jin)鄉(xiang)村全(quan)面(mian)振興，就必須堅(jian)持鄉(xiang)村發展、鄉(xiang)村建設、鄉(xiang)村治(zhi)理一體化推進(jin)，堅(jian)持和加強(qiang)黨對“三農”工作的(de)全(quan)面(mian)領導，切實以縣域城鄉(xiang)融合發展為根本(ben)抓手。

　　今年的中央(yang)一(yi)號文件特(te)別強調(diao)指出，要學習運用“千村示范、萬村整治”工(gong)(gong)程（以下簡(jian)稱“千萬工(gong)(gong)程”）經驗，有力有效推(tui)進(jin)(jin)鄉村全面(mian)振興(xing)。做好2024年及(ji)今后一(yi)個時期“三農(nong)”工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)鄉村全面(mian)振興(xing)，狠抓落(luo)實，“有力有效推(tui)進(jin)(jin)”最為關鍵(jian)。

　　堅持和加強黨對“三農”工作的全面領導

　　依照(zhao)中央一號文件精神，切實(shi)做好(hao)2024年及今后一個時期“三農(nong)(nong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，推進鄉(xiang)村(cun)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)振興，要不斷健全(quan)(quan)黨領導農(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)、強化農(nong)(nong)村(cun)改革創(chuang)新、完(wan)善鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興多元化投入機制(zhi)(zhi)、壯大(da)(da)鄉(xiang)村(cun)人才隊伍，在堅決(jue)守(shou)住糧食安(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)不發生規模性(xing)返貧“兩條(tiao)底線”的(de)大(da)(da)前提下，錨(mao)定一個目標即(ji)(ji)(ji)建設(she)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國目標，堅定一個思想(xiang)即(ji)(ji)(ji)切實(shi)以(yi)(yi)習(xi)(xi)近平新時代(dai)(dai)中國特色社會(hui)主義(yi)思想(xiang)為(wei)(wei)指導，繪就宜(yi)居宜(yi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)美鄉(xiang)村(cun)新畫卷，把(ba)握(wo)一個精神即(ji)(ji)(ji)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫徹(che)落實(shi)黨的(de)二十大(da)(da)和(he)二十屆二中全(quan)(quan)會(hui)精神，以(yi)(yi)加快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現代(dai)(dai)化更好(hao)推進中國式現代(dai)(dai)化建設(she)，用(yong)好(hao)一個經(jing)驗即(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)學(xue)習(xi)(xi)運(yun)用(yong)“千萬工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”經(jing)驗為(wei)(wei)引領，學(xue)習(xi)(xi)運(yun)用(yong)“千萬工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”蘊(yun)含的(de)發展理念(nian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方法和(he)推進機制(zhi)(zhi)，打好(hao)鄉(xiang)村(cun)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)振興漂亮(liang)仗。

　　具(ju)體(ti)來說，要切(qie)實有(you)力(li)有(you)效推進鄉村(cun)全面振(zhen)興(xing)，就必須堅持(chi)鄉村(cun)發(fa)展、鄉村(cun)建設(she)、鄉村(cun)治理一體(ti)化推進，堅持(chi)和加強黨對“三農”工作的全面領導，切(qie)實以縣域(yu)城鄉融合發(fa)展為根本抓(zhua)手。

　　堅持鄉村發展、鄉村建設、鄉村治理一體化推進

　　鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)發展、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)建(jian)設、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)治理是鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)的三個必要維度(du)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)是鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)全維度(du)的振(zhen)興(xing)，不能有任何一個方面缺位。

　　堅持推(tui)(tui)進鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的關(guan)鍵在(zai)于鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，其(qi)中(zhong)一項重要任務就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要以(yi)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶為基礎、新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)為重點、社會(hui)化服(fu)務為支撐，加快(kuai)打(da)(da)造(zao)適應現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的高素質生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)隊(dui)伍，構建(jian)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)體(ti)系。其(qi)次(ci)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要大力推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)優化升(sheng)級(ji)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品全產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈加工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，建(jian)設糧食和重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區加工(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園，打(da)(da)造(zao)食品和飼料產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集群。第三，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要大力促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村客(ke)貨郵融合(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，大力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)共同配(pei)(pei)送，健全縣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村物(wu)流(liu)配(pei)(pei)送體(ti)系，推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批發(fa)市場轉型升(sheng)級(ji)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村流(liu)通高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。第四，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要因地(di)制宜大力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)特色產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，支持打(da)(da)造(zao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)土特色品牌。實(shi)施鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村文旅(lv)深度融合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程，推(tui)(tui)進鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)游(you)集聚區（村）建(jian)設，培育生(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you)、森林(lin)康養(yang)、休閑露營(ying)等(deng)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態，推(tui)(tui)進鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村民(min)宿規范發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、提升(sheng)品質，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村一二三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融合(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

　　鄉村產業(ye)發展的根本目的是農(nong)(nong)民增收。必(bi)須(xu)切實強化產業(ye)發展聯農(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)，健(jian)(jian)全新型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營主體和(he)涉農(nong)(nong)企(qi)業(ye)扶持政策與帶動農(nong)(nong)戶增收掛(gua)鉤機制(zhi)。鼓勵(li)以出租、合(he)作開發、入(ru)股經營等方式(shi)盤活利用(yong)農(nong)(nong)村資(zi)源資(zi)產，增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)民財產性收入(ru)。還應(ying)切實促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)村勞動力多渠道就業(ye)，健(jian)(jian)全跨區域信息(xi)共享和(he)有組織勞務(wu)輸出機制(zhi)，開展農(nong)(nong)民工服務(wu)保障專項(xiang)行動，加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)民工就業(ye)動態監測(ce)，積極推廣以工代賑，培育(yu)壯大勞務(wu)品牌，不斷(duan)擴大勞務(wu)報酬規(gui)模。

　　堅持推(tui)進鄉村建(jian)設。鄉村基(ji)礎設施建(jian)設和公共(gong)服務供給(gei)是關鍵(jian)，一(yi)方面要做好規劃，進一(yi)步(bu)優化(hua)村莊(zhuang)布(bu)局(ju)、產業(ye)結(jie)構、公共(gong)服務配置。要強(qiang)化(hua)縣域國土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)規劃對城鎮、村莊(zhuang)、產業(ye)園(yuan)區等空(kong)(kong)間(jian)布(bu)局(ju)的統籌。加(jia)強(qiang)村莊(zhuang)規劃編制實(shi)效(xiao)性(xing)、可操作(zuo)性(xing)和執行約(yue)束力，強(qiang)化(hua)鄉村空(kong)(kong)間(jian)設計和風貌管控，不斷(duan)強(qiang)化(hua)鄉村規劃引領(ling)效(xiao)能(neng)。

　　另一方面要補齊(qi)短板。進(jin)(jin)一步完善農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)供(gong)水(shui)工程(cheng)體(ti)系，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)城鄉(xiang)供(gong)水(shui)一體(ti)化、集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)水(shui)規模(mo)化。進(jin)(jin)一步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電網鞏固(gu)提升工程(cheng)。進(jin)(jin)一步推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)分布(bu)式新(xin)能源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。持續實施(shi)數(shu)字鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)行(xing)動，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)智(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業，縮小城鄉(xiang)“數(shu)字鴻溝”。統籌建設(she)(she)區域性(xing)大數(shu)據平臺，加強農(nong)(nong)業生產經營、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會管理等涉農(nong)(nong)信息協同共享，不斷補齊(qi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)路電氣網基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)短板。

　　第(di)三，要(yao)不(bu)斷優化公共服務(wu)。進(jin)一步優化公共教育服務(wu)供(gong)給，不(bu)斷加強鄉鎮衛生院(yuan)和(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)衛生室(shi)服務(wu)能力建設，健全農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)養老(lao)服務(wu)體系。因地制(zhi)宜(yi)推進(jin)生活污(wu)水垃圾(ji)治理和(he)(he)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改廁，完善農(nong)民參與和(he)(he)長效(xiao)(xiao)管護機制(zhi)，不(bu)斷提升農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)居環(huan)境整治成效(xiao)(xiao)。

　　第(di)四，要堅持(chi)持(chi)續發展。持(chi)續打好農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)染治(zhi)(zhi)理攻堅戰，一體化(hua)推進鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護修復。扎實推進化(hua)肥農(nong)藥減(jian)量(liang)增(zeng)效(xiao)，推廣種養循環模式。加強耕地(di)土壤(rang)重金屬污(wu)染源(yuan)排(pai)查整治(zhi)(zhi)。加強食用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)質量(liang)安(an)全控制和產(chan)品(pin)檢(jian)測，提升(sheng)“從(cong)地(di)頭(tou)到餐桌”全過程食品(pin)安(an)全監管能力(li)。

　　堅持推(tui)(tui)進鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)治理。必須切實加強黨(dang)對(dui)“三農”工作(zuo)的(de)全(quan)面領導，建(jian)好建(jian)強農村(cun)(cun)(cun)基層黨(dang)組織，強化縣級(ji)黨(dang)委抓鄉促(cu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)責任(ren)，壓實五(wu)級(ji)書記抓鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)責任(ren)，全(quan)面提升鄉鎮(zhen)領導班子抓鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)能力(li)。加強村(cun)(cun)(cun)干部隊伍建(jian)設，健全(quan)選育管用機制，切實推(tui)(tui)進抓黨(dang)建(jian)促(cu)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)。

　　此外，還必須大(da)力推進(jin)法(fa)治(zhi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)建設。堅持(chi)(chi)和發展新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代“楓橋(qiao)經驗”，完善矛盾(dun)糾紛源頭預防、排查預警、多元化(hua)解機(ji)制，不斷(duan)增強(qiang)農民法(fa)律(lv)意識，建設好(hao)平(ping)安鄉(xiang)村(cun)。大(da)力繁榮發展鄉(xiang)村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)，持(chi)(chi)續(xu)推進(jin)農村(cun)移(yi)(yi)風易(yi)俗。改進(jin)創新(xin)(xin)農村(cun)精神(shen)文(wen)明建設，推動新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代文(wen)明實踐向村(cun)莊末梢延伸。強(qiang)化(hua)正(zheng)向引導激勵(li)(li)，加強(qiang)家庭(ting)家教家風建設。堅持(chi)(chi)疏堵結(jie)合、標本(ben)兼治(zhi)，創新(xin)(xin)移(yi)(yi)風易(yi)俗抓手載體，發揮村(cun)民自治(zhi)作用，強(qiang)化(hua)村(cun)規民約激勵(li)(li)約束功能。

　　切實以縣域城鄉融合發展為根本抓手

　　隨著鄉村振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)深入推(tui)進，以縣域為核心、縣鄉村三級整(zheng)體化推(tui)進，成為鄉村振(zhen)興(xing)戰(zhan)略實施的(de)(de)重要(yao)抓手和直接(jie)承載平臺。

　　切(qie)實以縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展為(wei)(wei)(wei)根本抓手(shou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)要(yao)切(qie)實將(jiang)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展的(de)(de)重要(yao)切(qie)入點(dian)(dian)，統籌新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)振(zhen)興(xing)，強化(hua)(hua)統籌謀劃和(he)頂層設(she)計(ji)，切(qie)實提(ti)升縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)綜(zong)合(he)承載能(neng)力和(he)治(zhi)理能(neng)力，促進(jin)縣(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)功能(neng)銜(xian)接互補、資源要(yao)素(su)優(you)化(hua)(hua)配置。二是(shi)要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)優(you)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產業結構和(he)空間布局，加快打通城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)素(su)平等(deng)交換、雙向流動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)制度性通道，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)以縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重要(yao)載體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)，構建(jian)以縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)樞(shu)紐、以小城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)節點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系、縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)商業體(ti)(ti)系，擴大縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)就業容(rong)量。三是(shi)要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)統籌縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)基礎設(she)施規劃建(jian)設(she)管(guan)護，統籌推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)農業面(mian)源污染綜(zong)合(he)防治(zhi)，統籌開展鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)全(quan)(quan)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)土地綜(zong)合(he)整治(zhi)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。持續推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)學校(xiao)共同(tong)體(ti)(ti)、緊密型(xing)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)醫共體(ti)(ti)建(jian)設(she)。四(si)是(shi)要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)實施新(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪農業轉移人口(kou)市(shi)民(min)化(hua)(hua)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)就業農民(min)工就地市(shi)民(min)化(hua)(hua)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)實施將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)常(chang)住人口(kou)全(quan)(quan)部納入住房(fang)保障政策范圍(wei)。

　　（作者雷明 系北京大學鄉村振興研究(jiu)院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)、光(guang)華管理學院(yuan)二級教授）

原標題：有力有效推進鄉村全面振興
責任編輯：李楓、馬昌
網頁編輯：蘇偉